t This unit covers historic moving image device that was use in the early 18s.
Phenakistoscope: The Phenakistoscope was invent in 1832 by Joseph Plateau . The Phenakistoscope use a persistence of motion principle to create an illusion of motion. The Phenakistoscope has two disc on the same axis,The first disc had slots around the edge, and the second contained drawings of successive action, drawn around the disc in concentric circles. On the flat disc has a number of animation where the man is drumming and spinning around . spinning the disc makes it look like its actually moving when its not he persistence of vision where an image is retained by the eye for a split second explains the apparent motion.
Zoetrope
The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William Horner, To create an illusion of motion, the drum is spun; the faster the rate of spin, the smoother the progression of images. A viewer can look through the wall of the zoetrope from any point around it, and see a rapid progression of images. Because of its design, more than one person could use the zoetrope at the same time. In side the zoetrope u can ssee that a man is doing jumping jacks or exercising . Through the slit
Kinetoscope
Kinetoscope, forerunner of the motion-picture film projector invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson of the United States in 1891. In it, a strip of film was passed rapidly between a lens and an electric light bulb while the viewer peered through a peephole. Behind the peephole was a spinning wheel with a narrow slit that acted as a shutter, permitting a momentary view of each of the 46 frames passing in front of the shutter every second. The result was a lifelike representation of persons and objects in motion.
Developments in technology such as translucent paper is a see through paper where by you could see straight through your printed object . They are mostly use for screen printing on T-shirts and a wide range of products .
Development of Technology
source :https://fleurelizabethalcock.wordpress.com/2014/01/13/how-animation-works-and-the-development-of-animation-technology/
Translucent paper, somewhat like tracing paper was used to improve hand drawn pictures so that the images were better. It was also used to create more layers, they used this translucent paper so that there was no need to draw as many times.
Sound in animation was first introduced by Walt Disney,with his short film of ‘Steamboat Willie’ which was made in 1928 and although not being the first animation to have sound it is the first most favorable of them all and was Disney’s first notable breakthrough. Steamboat Willie was the first cartoon to feature a fully post-produced soundtrack, along with synchronised sound. Walt Disney himself, voiced the characters even though there is very little intelligible dialogue throughout the short film. This then leads into the standardisation of film, through the years frame rates have become better, and have been used to create a better image, a sharper focus and to make the movements of characters look more realistic, so that they aren’t jumping or skipping like a robot. The more frame rates that are used, for example; the higher the number the better the animation looks and appeals to the audience.
Computer drawing software is used to help with the creation, modification and analysis of an idea. A well-known computer drawing software is Adobe Photoshop, which is used to edit pictures. Computer aided drafting (CAD) is the process of creating a technical drawing by using computer software such as; Autodesk AutoCAD.
CGI (Computer generated imagery) is the process of creating and generating animated images by using computer graphics. CGI is a mixture of both static and dynamic images, while computer animation looks and focuses on only moving images. Examples of CGI are Disney and Pixar animations such as; Toy Story, Monsters Inc, Peter Pan and Alice in Wonderland. Obviously it is quite noticeable that there is a difference between the two Pixar animations and the two Disney animations. Pixar have computer animated features, whereas Disney are drawings and paintings that are done in a similar way for each frame but made different to give the illusion that they’re moving.
How Animation works
Animation is a series of images shown that quick that we don’t realize that they aren’t actually moving, We just imagine it to be . There are things such as illusion of movement, frame rates and suspension of disbelief that are all key factors to how animation works. The Illusion of movement is when it appears that people, characters or objects are moving but in actual fact it is just that the image has changed. Alongside the illusion of movement there is also persistence of vision and Beta movement. Persistence of vision is when our eyes have held onto an image that we don’t notice the gaps between them and that the image has just changed, by not noticing the gaps between the frames we think that the motion is seamless.
Beta Movement, a simple optical illusion which simply makes us think an image is moving when it isn’t. Beta movement was first discussed and described by Max Wertheimer in 1912 in his ‘Experimental Studies on the Seeing of Motion’.
Frame rate is the number of still images or pictures that make up one second’s worth of video or animation. Frame rate is the rate at which an imagery device produces images and/or pictures that are unique and consecutive. For example; Toy Story 3 has 24 frames per second and South Park has 15 frames per second.
The suspension of disbelief is sometimes used in animations as they require us to believe something that is impossible in the real world. Examples of suspension of disbelief is when watching a film such as Bride of Chucky, makes you believe that dolls are actually alive when in reality you know they aren’t. Another is in an animation of Marsha and the bear, a Russian animation that has a little girl living with a bear. We know this isn’t reality but we accept it and stop ourselves from not believing in it.
Animation brings your dreams into reality and let other people enjoy it a-swell , Thats the best thing about animation .As years go by animation technology gets more advance and more advances as years go by quickly sooner or later animation would be a hole lot easier to animation for everyone .
The work of key animation
A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition . The drawings are called frames per sec because their position in time is measured in frames per sec on a strip of film. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with in between each frame .
It all started by Walt Disney which was founded on October 16, 1923 by Walt Disney .In 1937, the Walt Disney Studios released its first fully animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and pioneered a new form of family entertainment. More than seven decades later, Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to honor its heritage through animated films that combine beautiful artistry, masterful storytelling and ground-breaking technology. With extensive research conducted through the historical collections of the Walt Disney Company, as well as private collections, editor Daniel Kothenschulte curates some of the most precious concept paintings and storyboards to reveal just how these animation masterpieces came to life. Masterful cel setups provide highly detailed illustrations of famous film scenes while rare pictures taken by Disney photographers and excerpts from story conferences between Walt and his staff bring a privileged insider’s view to the studio’s creative process.
John Alan Lasseter was born January 12, 1957 Lasseter began his career as an animator with The walt disney . After being fired from Disney for promoting computer animation , he joined Lucasfilm , where he worked on the then-groundbreaking use of CGI animation.At every screening, Bolt is preceded by a new moving picture logo: Mickey Mouse sketched into being. It's a monochrome draft of Steamboat Willie, the first Disney sound cartoon, and a simple tune is whistled to match the movements of his mouth. That whistling voice is Walt Disney's. With it, Lasseter sends a message: in animating Disney's latest characters, he is reanimating the Disney organisation itself - as if, by retrieving Walt's whistle from the archives, he has been able to bring the founding father back to life after all.He has won two Academy Awards, for Animated Short Film (Tin Toy), as well as a Special Achievement Award Toy Story. Lasseter has been nominated on four other occasions -- in the category of Animated Feature, for both Cars (2006) and Monsters, Inc. (2001), in the Original Screenplay category for Toy Story (1995) and in the Animated Short category for Luxo, Jr. 1986.
Beta Movement, a simple optical illusion which simply makes us think an image is moving when it isn’t. Beta movement was first discussed and described by Max Wertheimer in 1912 in his ‘Experimental Studies on the Seeing of Motion’.
Frame rate is the number of still images or pictures that make up one second’s worth of video or animation. Frame rate is the rate at which an imagery device produces images and/or pictures that are unique and consecutive. For example; Toy Story 3 has 24 frames per second and South Park has 15 frames per second.
The suspension of disbelief is sometimes used in animations as they require us to believe something that is impossible in the real world. Examples of suspension of disbelief is when watching a film such as Bride of Chucky, makes you believe that dolls are actually alive when in reality you know they aren’t. Another is in an animation of Marsha and the bear, a Russian animation that has a little girl living with a bear. We know this isn’t reality but we accept it and stop ourselves from not believing in it.
Animation brings your dreams into reality and let other people enjoy it a-swell , Thats the best thing about animation .As years go by animation technology gets more advance and more advances as years go by quickly sooner or later animation would be a hole lot easier to animation for everyone .
The work of key animation
A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition . The drawings are called frames per sec because their position in time is measured in frames per sec on a strip of film. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with in between each frame .
It all started by Walt Disney which was founded on October 16, 1923 by Walt Disney .In 1937, the Walt Disney Studios released its first fully animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and pioneered a new form of family entertainment. More than seven decades later, Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to honor its heritage through animated films that combine beautiful artistry, masterful storytelling and ground-breaking technology. With extensive research conducted through the historical collections of the Walt Disney Company, as well as private collections, editor Daniel Kothenschulte curates some of the most precious concept paintings and storyboards to reveal just how these animation masterpieces came to life. Masterful cel setups provide highly detailed illustrations of famous film scenes while rare pictures taken by Disney photographers and excerpts from story conferences between Walt and his staff bring a privileged insider’s view to the studio’s creative process.
John Alan Lasseter was born January 12, 1957 Lasseter began his career as an animator with The walt disney . After being fired from Disney for promoting computer animation , he joined Lucasfilm , where he worked on the then-groundbreaking use of CGI animation.At every screening, Bolt is preceded by a new moving picture logo: Mickey Mouse sketched into being. It's a monochrome draft of Steamboat Willie, the first Disney sound cartoon, and a simple tune is whistled to match the movements of his mouth. That whistling voice is Walt Disney's. With it, Lasseter sends a message: in animating Disney's latest characters, he is reanimating the Disney organisation itself - as if, by retrieving Walt's whistle from the archives, he has been able to bring the founding father back to life after all.He has won two Academy Awards, for Animated Short Film (Tin Toy), as well as a Special Achievement Award Toy Story. Lasseter has been nominated on four other occasions -- in the category of Animated Feature, for both Cars (2006) and Monsters, Inc. (2001), in the Original Screenplay category for Toy Story (1995) and in the Animated Short category for Luxo, Jr. 1986.
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